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His famous quotes are often cited out of context, and since the idea of context is essential to CompleXimple, I decided to
show that part of the introductory speech he delivered at the age of 31 when he became Professor and Dean of the "Faculté de Sciences" in Lille in December 7, 1854
(according to René Vallery-Radot, "la vie de Pasteur", Hachette 1927(?), pp. 86 ff., english and german by Christian Hauck, 2002) This was after he separated the racemic crystals, but before all his breakthroughs in microbiology ! Note his references back to Franklin and OErsted for what we now call emergence and serendipity. |
| Sans la théorie, la pratique nŽest que de la routine donnée par lŽhabitude. | Without theory, practice is but routine born of habit. | Ohne die Theorie ist die Praxis nur Routine durch Gewöhnung |
| Mais à quoi cela sert-il? | But what is the use of this? | Aber wozu dient das? |
| Dans les champs de lŽobservation, le hasard ne favorise que les esprits préparés. | In the field of observation, chance favors the prepared mind. | Auf dem Feld der Beobachtung begünstigt das Glück nur den bereiten Geist |
| Français then English then Deutsch | English then Français then Deutsch | Deutsch then English then Français |
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« Where in your families would you find a young man, whose curiosity and interest would not be raised once you put into his hands a potato, that he can use to make sugar, with the sugar alcohol, and with the alcohol ether and vinegar? Who would not be glad to tell his familiy in the evening that he constructed an electric telegraph?
And, gentlemen, be assured that such studies are seldom or never forgotten. This is like teaching geography by sending the pupil to visit the country. The geography is remembered because one has seen and touched the places. Similarly, your sons will not forget the composition of the air that we breathe once they have analysed it, once they have experienced the admirable properties of the elements using their hands and their eyes. Without theory, practice is but routine born of habit. Theory alone can bring forward the spirit of invention. It is your task not to share the opinion of those narrow minds who disdain in science everything that does not immediately lead to an application. You know the charming words of Franklin. He participated at the first demonstration of a purely scientific discovery. And someone asks him: But what is the use of this? Franklin replies: « What is the use of the newborn child? » Yes, gentlemen, what is the use of the newborn child? And yet, at that tender age of childhood, the germs of the talents that distinguish you already existed. In your babies, in these susceptible little beings, there are leaders, scientist, and heroes, as valiant as those who are just covering themselves with glory at the walls of Sebastopol. Accordingly, the theoretical discovery has nothing but the merit of pure existence. It raises hope and that is it. But let it be cultivated, let it grow and you will see what it will become. Do you know when it first saw the light, the electric telegraph, one of the most marvellous applications of modern sciences? It was in that memorable year 1822. OErsted, a danish physician, had a copper wire in his hands and used it to link the poles of a Volta pile. On his desk was a magnetic needle on a pivot, and he suddenly saw (by chance, you might argue, but remember that in the field of observation, chance favors the prepared mind ), he suddenly saw the needle move and take a position quite different from that assigned to it by terrestric magnetism. An electric current through a wire changes the direction of a magnetic needle. Here, gentlemen, was the birth of the actual telegraph. Seeing the needle move, would FranklinŽs interlocutor not have asked : « But what is the use of this? » And yet it was less than twenty years later that this discovery lead to the application of the electric telegraph, almost supernatural in its effects. »
« Où troverez-vous dans vos familles ... un jeunne homme dont la curiosité et lŽintérêt ne seront pas aussitôt éveillés lorsque vous mettrez entre ses mains une pomme de terre, quŽavec elle if fera du sucre, avec ce sucre de lŽalcool, avec cet alcool de lŽéther et du vinaigre? Quel est celui qui ne sera pas heureux dŽapprendre le soir à sa famille quŽil vient de faire marcher un télégraphe électrique?
« Gibt es in Ihren Familien auch nur einen einzigen Jungen, dessen Neugier und Interesse nicht geweckt würde, wenn Sie ihme eine Kartoffel in die Hand geben, aus der er Zucker macht, aus dem Zucker dann Alkohol, und daraus Äther und Essig? Wer wäre nicht froh, am Abend seiner Familie zu erklären, daß er einen elektrischen Telegraphen gebaut hat, der funktioniert?
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